States of Matter: Answers
Describe the arrangement of particles in a solid
In a solid, the particles exist in a regular arrangement and are physically touching each other.
In which state do particles have the greatest energy?
Gas molecules have the most energy and are moving quickly, flying past each other. Particles in a liquid have a moderate amount of energy and move slowly, sliding over each other. Particles in a solid have the lowest amount of energy and vibrate in a fixed position.
What name is given to the state change when liquid water is converted into water vapour?
Conversion from a liquid to a gas is referred to as boiling, or evaporation. The difference between these two terms is that boiling converts the whole liquid from liquid to gas whereas evaporation occurs on the surface of a liquid.
Look at the solubility curve on the left. Which solute has the greatest solubility at room temperature (20 degrees Celcius)?
If you go along the x-axis until you get to 20 degrees Celcius, you can see that sodium nitrate (NaNO3) is the most soluble, as approximately 85 g can dissolve in 100 g of water. Potassium chlorate (KClO3) is the least soluble, with only 5 g able to dissolve in 100 g of water.
Which state symbol is used most often for the elements of the Periodic Table at room temperature?
Most elements in the Periodic Table are solids at room temperature, which has the state symbol (s).
Write an equation, including state symbols, for the change of state from steam to water.
We need to write an equation to show water changing from a gas to a liquid:
H2O (g) --> H2O (l)